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Well, my opinion is that it's not more females in academia the real problem: in fact, it's only that girls finally understood that they can get pregnant later after their Phd and maybe after beginning their career becoming mothers too. The real problem is the gigantic bank loans required to attend the US universities: I think that economically it doesn't seem convenient going to any academia especially to those American ones: it occurs a lot of years to return back those money to the banks, and perhaps a good job is not yet on the horizon.

Today indeed the families have got actually a lot of troubles with their total annual revenues due to 2008 economic crisis and that huge losses of jobs and then to 2020-2021 pandemic crisis and very now because of the western countries energetic crisis triggered by the Ukraine Russian war. Not last, at least here in Italy there is a great problem regarding the meritocracy in hiring the teachers, so the teachers are not so able to teach any learning method neither making attractive the studying of the school matters to their pupils and students: I suspect it's a politic choice actually: less graduated students, less citizens who can ask governments about accounting of their decisions for the whole community.

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some valid points here.. the cost is ridiculous, and the grants and loans are basically a subsidy to upper middle class kids.. certainly the costs are keeping many kids out.. but probably not the ones who should be kept out..namely the ones (probably the majority) who have no reason why they are there.

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Thanks professor Krauss for your reply. So, we agree that is not the democratisation of the process in accessing to the academia to every stratus of the population the issue.

The problem actually is the questionable level of the preparation at which many undergraduates arrive in their studies when they do their entry into the high education.

It's indeed worrying the sensible lack of the depth about the real knowledge (the very contents and methods of learning) of the students and that's I argue a direct responsibility of the education system in its entirety.

We could also discuss about the lack of motivations which could bring to keep studying in one's own life: in my opinion one motive to stay out of academia today is that that is become a conformist environment, not for a free thinker and not for creative and innovative people.

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It's not the loans, it's the federal guarantees to the benefit of rapacious financial institutions that have allowed for insane tuition increases and the wild administrative bloat that has turned the academy into a casino free for all for DEI degradation. Biden's not going to waive the debt, he's going to pay it off with our money to bankers who should all be in prison

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